Animals, Nature Protection and Wildlife Conservation-out of the box

Cultures and Wildlife in India: Pench Tiger Reserve, Nagpur and Sanchi

admin — Wed, 10 Jun 2026 08:41:34 +0000

Cultures and Wildlife in India: Pench Tiger Reserve, Nagpur and Sanchi – Part Two

How to get from Hyderabad to Nagpur?

To travel between Nagpur and Hyderabad, you have two main options:

The fastest option: a short domestic flight.
The time-saving option: an overnight train or bus between Nampally Railway Station in Hyderabad and Nagpur Railway Station. The advantage is that both stations are conveniently located in the city centers.

The main reason to visit Nagpur is its proximity to some of India’s finest tiger reserves and wildlife destinations. Nagpur, one of the largest cities in the state of Maharashtra, is located about 550 km from Hyderabad. Often referred to as the “Tiger Capital of India,” it is surrounded by nature reserves, national parks, and excellent excursion opportunities.

Pench Tiger Reserve

Pench is one of India’s leading wildlife reserves and an important habitat for tigers. In fact, the forests of Pench inspired Rudyard Kipling when he wrote the Jungle Book.
The reserve is frequently mentioned in books and stories, and it even won the “Best Tourist-Friendly National Park” award for 2006–2007

What animals can you see in Pench Reserve?

The main predators include tigers, leopards, jungle cats, wild dogs, hyenas, jackals, foxes, wolves, and mongooses.
Among the herbivores you may see Indian bisson, blue bull, sambar deer, spotted deer, four-horned antelope, Indian gazelle, wild boar, and more.
The wildlife sancturary is also excellent for birdwatching, with around 325 bird species recorded during different seasons of the year.
Around the sunny areas of Totladoh Reservoir, located inside the park, many migratory birds can be seen during the winter months.

Best time to visit Pench Tiger Reserve

Mid-October to mid-June.

How to visit the reserve?

The Pench reserve does not have a convenient public transport and is located about 2 hours driving from Nagpur.

So the best option for a visit is to join a Pench tiger safari tour.
My advice is to book your safari in advance through a specialized agency that will organize a full package including transportation from Nagpur or a nearby airport, accommodation near the reserve, entrance permits, and transfer to the appropriate gate.

There are a few main park entrances to Pench reserve safaris: Turia Gate, Khursapar Gate and Gamtara Gate. Each one of them leads to a different area of the reserve.
Safaris take place twice a day – at sunrise and again in the afternoon. Each jeep is accompanied by a local guide.

From my own experience, after researching and comparing different options, I chose to do the safari with Find My Holidays, a travel company that organizes tours across India. They put together a perfect package that included everything needed for visiting the reserve and spotting wildlife.

Where to stay in Pench tiger Reserve?

My stay at a Wilderness Camp was an experience in itself, booked through Find My Holidays, as well. This Resort offers comfortable conditions and excellent chef-prepared meals, while still giving you the feeling that you are surrounded by real, untouched nature.

Interview with Uma Shankar, Founder and Manager of Find My Holidays

Question: Can you tell us a little about yourself and how Find My Holidays started?
My name is Uma Shankar, and I founded Find My Holidays out of a deep passion for travel, wildlife, and cultural exploration. I wanted to create a company that helps travellers experience the true diversity of India – its landscapes, heritage sites, and incredible wildlife.

Question: What does Find My Holidays specialize in?
We focus on creating authentic and well-organized travel experiences across India. Our services include customized tour packages, hotel bookings, and official wildlife safari arrangements. The goal is to make the travel smooth, comfortable, and memorable for visitors coming from all over the world.

Question: What destinations do you usually recommend to travellers?
India offers so many incredible places. Many travellers enjoy the classic Golden Triangle: Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur, but we also design trips to spiritual and heritage destinations, national parks, and famous tiger reserves such as Panna National Park, Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Kanha Tiger Reserve, Pench Tiger Reserve, Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, and Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve.

Question: What is your philosophy when it comes to travel?
I believe travel is not only about visiting places, but about experiencing culture, nature, and adventure. Through Find My Holidays, we also encourage responsible tourism and awareness about wildlife conservation, while making sure every traveller enjoys a personal and unforgettable journey.

Ramtek Fort and Temple

On the way to the wildlife reserve, it’s worth not missing this fascinating site located about 50 km northeast of the city of Nagpur in the state of Maharashtra.

The Ramtek Temple and Fort is a pilgrimage site where you can enjoy beautiful panoramic views of the landscape, as well as encounter many monkeys that live around the complex.

According to Hindu mythology, this is where Rama rested during his years of exile, giving the place its name.
The temple complex features impressive architecture with intricate carvings dating back more than 600 years. It is a popular pilgrimage site, known for its panoramic views and the many monkeys living around the temple and fort.

Deekshabhoomi

This impressive Buddhist monument in the city of Nagpur is one of the most important pilgrimage sites for Buddhists in India. It marks the place where B. R. Ambedkar converted to Buddhism with hundreds of thousands of followers in 1956.
Located near Futala Lake, it’s a peaceful spot that is especially pleasant to visit in the evening.

Heritage site of Sanchi

This beautifully preserved UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of India’s most important Buddhist archaeological sites.
Here you can see the famous Great Stupa and the Ashoka Pillar, along with carved gateways that depict stories from the life of Gautama Buddha.

Don’t miss the nearby museum, which tells the story of the discovery and restoration of these monuments, many of which date back to the 3rd century BCE.

Part one: Landing or transit in Hyderabad. What is there to see and do?

כל הזכויות שמורות למחברים "יוצאים מהקופסא"

Sri Lanka Travel Destination: Surfing, Nature, Culture & Attractions (part 1)

admin — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 11:30:49 +0000

Sri Lanka – Your Next Travel Destination: Surfing, Nature, Culture & Attractions

In the recent years, Sri Lanka has earned a place of honor on the map of one the most exciting destinations in Southeast Asia – and not without a reason.

This tropical island offers travelers a unique combination of wild nature, rich culture, and stunning beaches. Its diverse travel experience is accessible and suitable for all types of travelers, from backpackers to families and couples.

Part A – Introduction to Sri Lanka

Weather and Seasons

As an island, Sri Lanka has a significant advantage: at almost any time of the year, there is always at least one region that is ideal for traveling.
Unlike many tropical destinations that have clear “dry” and “wet” seasons, Sri Lanka’s weather varies across different parts of the island. Therefore, it is recommended to plan your itinerary according to the time of your visit.

It’s important to note that even during the dry seasons, short local showers may occur, but they are usually brief and do not disrupt travel plans.

When Is the Best Time to Visit Sri Lanka?

December – March:
This is the most pleasant period in most parts of the island, especially along the west and south coasts (Colombo, Galle, Yalla), as well as in the hill country (Kandy, Sigiriya, Nuwara Eliya).

April – September:
The perfect time to visit the east coast, including Trincomalee and Arugam Bay, which enjoy a dry and calm season.

November – February:
These months are influenced by the wet northeast monsoon, mainly affecting the north and east of the island. At the same time, the south and west enjoy dry, warm, and comfortable weather.

Below is the complete and ultimate guide for independent travelers in Sri Lanka:

Part A – Sri Lanka: General Introduction and Best time to Visit
Part B – Nature and Wildlife, Best National Parks of Sri Lanka
Part C – The Southern Coast of Sri Lanka, the Island’s Main Tourist Hub
Part D – Major Towns in Sri Lanka that worth a visit

Travel Style – Why Visit Sri Lanka?

Sri Lanka is a paradise for surfers from all over the world. It offers long sandy beaches, warm waters, and quality waves suitable for everyone. From beginners to professionals. Surfing is possible year-round; all you need to do is choose the right beach according to the season.

Not Just for Surfers: More Reasons to Visit Sri Lanka

Even if surfing isn’t your thing, the island offers a wealth of unique experiences.
Its breathtaking wild nature, found in national parks and nature reserves, allows for close encounters with elephants, leopards, monkeys, dozens of bird species, and many other fascinating animals, all roaming freely in their natural habitat.

Hiking and trekking enthusiasts will discover powerful waterfalls, blue lakes, forest trails, and lush green peaks with stunning panoramic views.

On the cultural and historical side, ancient temples, fortresses, museums, colonial buildings, green tea plantations, and remnants from ancient civilizations await for you as a rich reminder of the island’s dramatic and fascinating past.

Thanks to its incredible diversity of nature, culture, beaches, outstanding food, and warm, welcoming people – Sri Lanka truly offers something for everyone: solo travelers, families, couples, and groups alike.

Part B - Nature and Wildlife

Best National Parks of Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, nature is truly everywhere, even within the towns themselves.
It’s not uncommon to encounter monkeys, mongooses, or squirrels wandering through hotel gardens or private yards.
Still, the island’s spectacular national parks are not to be missed, offering a rare glimpse into Sri Lanka’s untamed wildlife.

Top National Parks and Nature Reserves in Sri Lanka

Yala National Park
Udawalawa National Park
Minneriya and Kaudulla National Parks
How to Choose Between Yala and Udawalawa Parks

Yala National Park

This is Sri Lanka’s flagship nature reserve and one of the most unforgettable experiences on the island.
A safari in Yala offers close encounters with the kings of the jungle -the leopards, alongside with elephants, water buffalo, crocodiles, deer, sloth bears, and hundreds of bird species.

Yala has the highest leopard density in Sri Lanka, significantly increasing the chances of spotting them, especially on safaris that start early in the morning.

We booked our safari through Exclusive Yala Safari, and had an excellent experience. Our driver picked us up directly from the hotel, knew the area extremely well, and seemed to know exactly where to go in order to spot wildlife in real time and reach some of the park’s most special and less-crowded spots.

In Yala, you’ll find a fascinating blend of wild nature, beaches, and open savannah landscapes where wildlife roams freely. Yala is known as one of the best destinations in the world for leopard spotting, but it offers much more: elephants, sloth bears, jackals, crocodiles, water birds, and rare bird species.

The safari journey moves between tranquil lakes and ancient rocky hills, with every stop revealing a new story of the wild. The dramatic scenery, rich biodiversity, and the chance to observe animals in their natural habitat combine to create an especially powerful and unforgettable experience.

Out of the Box – Bonus Tip

Since safari tours usually depart around sunrise, it’s highly recommended to stay in the towns near the park entrance.
If you choose to stay in Tissamaharama, near the lake, you’ll be treated to a truly spectacular sight: thousands of fruit bats (flying foxes) resting in the trees around Yoda Lake.

Arrive at the lake’s edge at sunrise or sunset, and you can watch them taking off or returning to the trees in massive waves – an unforgettable natural spectacle.

Udawalawa National Park

The Udawalawa national park, which is located in southeastern Sri Lanka, is famous for its large herds of Asian elephants that walk freely across open grasslands, low forests, and water reservoirs.

It is one of the best places to see elephants up close throughout the year, sometimes just meters away from the safari vehicle. In addition, the reserve attracts a wide variety of wildlife, including jackals, deer, monkeys, wild boar, and hundreds of bird species.

The large lake at the center of the reserve is a magnet for many animals that come to drink.
In Udawalawa, like in the Yala park, the safari is conducted with guided jeep tours.

Besides elephants, we were lucky to spot peacocks, storks, deer, mongooses, crocodiles, and a wide variety of other wildlife.

Next to the reserve is an elephant orphanage, where young elephants are cared for until they are ready to be reintroduced into the wild.
It’s a heartwarming place to visit and a great opportunity to learn about elephant conservation efforts.

Minneriya and Kaudulla National Parks

Minneriya and Kaudulla National Parks are located in north-central Sri Lanka. They are famous for one of the most impressive natural phenomena in the world: the seasonal gathering of elephants.

Between August and December, during the dry season, hundreds of elephants from the surrounding areas converge on the water reservoirs within the parks.
This is the largest gathering of Asian elephants anywhere in the world!

Besides elephants, the parks are also home to bears, leopards, deer, and a wide variety of birds and other wildlife.

Safaris to Kaudulla usually depart from the towns of Habarana and Dambulla, or directly from the park entrance. To see the elephants at their most active, we recommend to take the afternoon safari.

A common question asked: Yala or Udawalawa – what’s the difference and which one is the best?

First of all, both are amazing, diverse, and provide an excellent wildlife viewing experience, showcasing Sri Lanka’s rich fauna.

Yala National Park is ideal for those seeking a dramatic and action-packed safari, with a high chance of spotting leopards and enjoying varied landscapes. From savannahs to wild beaches.
Yala is larger, full of surprises, and sometimes busier with visitors.

In contrast, Udawalawa National Park offers a more relaxed and open experience, making it perfect for elephant lovers and families who want to see wildlife up close in a less crowded environment.

Both parks are spectacular, but choosing between them depends on the type of experience you’re looking for: a rich, varied safari in Yala, or an intimate, close-up encounter with elephants in Udawalawa.
If possible, the best choice is to visit both!

כל הזכויות שמורות למחברים "יוצאים מהקופסא"

Is Humanity Coming to the End of the World?

admin — Tue, 23 Sep 2025 11:57:01 +0000

Is it the End of Humanity – How Close Are We to Extintion?

In the past 50 years, 73% of the world’s wildlife has vanished, and the number of fish in seas and freshwater has dropped by 73–75%. Is humanity also expected to face extinction – or will our population grow so much that future generations will no longer have enough space and basic conditions to survive?

In other words: when will we reach the point of no return at which Earth could no longer provide food, housing, security, clean air, and water fit for life?

The answer changes over time and place, and even the definition of “decent living conditions” depends on the criteria set by those who define them. In the second half of the 20th century, various estimates were proposed for the Earth’s carrying capacity – ranging from 1 billion people to 65 billion.
Average estimates spoke of about 4 billion, assuming a given technological level.
In practice, technological progress, along with social and economic choices and constraints, affect the state of the environment, and in turn are influenced by it.

The Ecological Footprint

One way to estimate the carrying capacity of a region, a country, or the entire planet is by measuring the ecological footprint.

The ecological footprint represents the land and sea area required to provide for human needs and to absorb waste over time.
It reflects the amount of resources people consume and is derived from the Earth’s natural regenerative capacity.

It’s quite simple: if the total footprint is smaller than the area available to the given population, there are enough resources for everyone. But if the footprint is larger, then, there isn’t enough room for all.

As you can see, until 1972, there was enough land to meet all of humanity’s needs

The measured components include: agriculture land, rangeland, fishing grounds, forests, carbon footprint (for absorbing emissions), and built-up land. The index changes over time depending on population, technology, and lifestyle.

Until the early 1970s, the Earth was able to balance resources with human needs. Since then, however, we live in a state of continuous ecological deficit. For example, in 1995 it took the equivalent of 1.3 Earths to meet humanity’s needs, while by 2024 that figure had risen to 1.71 Earths.

Total ecological footprint per country

Logically, the countries with the greatest shortage of ecological space per capita are likely the most densely populated ones.

Is this the end of the road, and are we all doomed to die from hunger, overcrowding, or lack of oxygen?

At this stage, there is still room for hope. The United Kingdom provides a positive example we can learn from:
The UK managed to reduce its ecological footprint by 27% in just one decade, between 2007 and 2017, mainly thanks to a reduce in the use of fossil fuels.
Although the country still consumes more than its ecosystems can support, the trend indicates real improvement and steps toward sustainability.

The Price of Overconsumption

Until we will discover and be able to inhabit other planets, all we truly have is Earth, and it is rapidly losing its ability to regenerate.

Today, humanity consumes natural resources at a rate about 70% higher than the planet’s ecosystems can renew.

This overconsumption leads to deforestation, soil erosion, great loss of biodiversity, and rising carbon dioxide levels, processes that accelerate global warming and increase the frequency of extreme climate events.
Added to this are the accumulation of greenhouse gases and the inefficiency of agricultural systems, which together contribute to shortages of food and water.

Demographic Trends

After hundreds of thousands of years, the global population surged from 1 billion to 8 billion in 2022, and is expected to reach 8.5 billion by 2030.

Alongside with declining mortality and increasing life expectancy, fertility rates are dropping, resulting in a higher average age. The proportion of elderly people in the population is growing significantly compared to those of working age.
Other trends include urbanization and accelerated migration, which impact the economy, employment, health, and infrastructure.

What will happen if we will overcome the technological issues to meet humanity’s needs, but the human population will continue to grow?

In June 1972, John C. Calhoun stood over the abandoned remains of what had once been a bustling metropolis of thousands of lives.
Calhoun was not a survivor of a natural disaster or a nuclear meltdown.

He was an ethologist (a scientist studying animal behavior) at the National Institute of Mental Health in Maryland, USA.
In his famous experiment, “Universe 25,” he sought to examine the effects of population growth under limited conditions.

Universe 25

The experiment began with four pairs of mice living in a specially designed enclosure, a kind of “rodent paradise.” It included housing units, abundant nesting materials, comfortable climate, tasty food, and water.
The only limited resource was physical space.

Almost a year later, as population density almost reached its peak, the utopia turned into a nightmare.

Population growth slowed, the animals became increasingly aggressive, developed abnormal sexual behaviors, and began neglecting or even attacking their young.

Mice born into the chaos were unable to form normal social bonds or engage in typical social behaviors such as courtship, mating, and raising offspring.
Instead of interacting with their peers, males compulsively groomed themselves, while females stopped becoming pregnant.

What was particularly alarming, that the abnormal behavior did not stop even after the population declined, or when the “Universe 25” mice were introduced into a normal mouse colony.
Ultimately, the entire colony became extinct. The same grim outcome occurred every time the experiment was repeated.

However, adding additional rooms, which allowed the animals to live in a dense environment but without being forced into unwanted contact with others, greatly reduced the negative social consequences.

Observations and Conclusions from the Universe25 Experiment:

Personal space is essential to prevent social collapse.
The relevance of “Universe 25” to humans remains controversial, but it provides much food for thought.
For obvious reasons, such an experiment has never been conducted on humans, and animal protection laws now prevent it from being repeated.

Looking Ahead:

Some researchers suggest shifting our focus from Earth’s human carrying capacity to the question:
What should we do over the next 25 years to ensure security, health, and well-being for current and future generations, while keeping our responsibilities to the environment and other forms of life?

Based on three main approaches, which would you suggest focusing on: increasing the “cake,” reducing the number of “forks,” or improving “table manners”?

Bigger cake: Increase productivity and technological innovation.
Fewer forks: Slow population growth through voluntary fertility reduction.
Better table manners: Reduce violence, corruption, and inequality while improving economic efficiency and minimizing harmful byproducts of over-consumption and production.

Our Future:

The human future is not predetermined. It depends on the extent to which countries can balance population growth, consumption levels, and technology, given the limits of Earth’s capacity.

Only if we succeed in ensuring security, health, and well-being in the coming decades, transition to a sustainable economy that reduces overconsumption, protect natural resources, develop sustainable agriculture and food systems, and design green, healthy cities. Simultaneously invest in social justice, international cooperation, and education for environmental responsibility – only then it will be possible to believe that humanity is not approaching its end and that we can maintain a livable environment for all.

Sources:

https://data.footprintnetwork.org
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/ecological-footprint-by-country
https://www.niussp.org/environment-and-development/can-earth-support-4-billion-people-sustainably-and-well
https://www.footprintnetwork.org/2019/09/04/18187
https://www.un.org/en/observances/world-population-day
https://overshoot.footprintnetwork.org/newsroom/country-overshoot-days
https://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/our-research/dependency-and-depopulation-confronting-the-consequences-of-a-new-demographic-reality
https://www.the-scientist.com/universe-25-experiment-69941

כל הזכויות שמורות למחברים "יוצאים מהקופסא"

Mexico – Mérida, Las Coloradas, Chichén Itzá and more

admin — Sun, 27 Jul 2025 16:38:44 +0000

What to Do in Mérida – Capital of Yucatán, Mexico?

Exploring Chichén Itzá, Las Coloradas, and Other Destinations

Mérida, the capital of the Yucatán province in Mexico, is a city often overlooked by tourists who mostly visit the Caribbean side of the Yucatán Peninsula. Most travelers head to Playa del Carmen, Tulum, and Cancún, but skip Mérida.
Maybe that’s for the good, because the city has managed to preserve a real “Mexican” character, a blend of ancient traditions, colonial architecture, friendly and welcoming locals, and prices that haven’t yet skyrocketed like in other popular tourist spots.

In addition, the city center is small enough to get around by foot, almost all the streets are laid out in right angles, which makes navigation much easier.
The most interesting part is concentrated in the historic center and the nearby area, which is also the best place to find accommodation. Whether a hotel or a hostel among the colorful buildings, no two of which are exactly alike.

What can we do and what to see in Merida

Plaza Grande and the Cathédral of Mérida

As in most Mexican cities, the main square marks the heart of the city. On its eastern side stands the cathedral, officially named the Cathedral of San Ildefonso.
The cathedral, like many public buildings in Mexico, was constructed using stones taken from the ruins of Mayan and Aztec temples and structures after the Spanish conquest in the 16th century.

In the evenings (from around 7:00–8:00 PM), a local food and crafts market opens in the square, along with live music performances.

If you’re lucky, you might get to see a reenactment of the sacred Mayan ballgame played in front of the cathedral. Known as Pok Ta Pok, the game involves getting a ball through a hoop without using hands, feet, or head.
In the original version, the losing team’s hearts were sacrificed by priests to the gods in the temple that once stood where the cathedral now stands.

Around the main square, you’ll find several interesting and important sites, such as the City Hall, the Governor’s Palace (Palacio de Gobierno del Estado), the Montejo House, which has been turned into a museum (Museo Casa Montejo), the Olimpo Cultural Center, Pasaje de la Revolución, and more.

On the streets surrounding the square, you’ll also find a wide variety of Mexican restaurants, cafés, and bars—some offering live or local music every evening.

Other Places Worth Visiting in Mérida

The Area Between Plaza Grande and Parque de San Juan

This area is full of local shops, historic buildings, authentic Mexican food, tourist offices, clothing stores, bags, shoes.. everything you can imagine.
Don’t miss the vibrant Mercado San Benito market.

Zona Paseo Montejo

A more modern area centered around the main avenue, Paseo de Montejo. On weekends, the wide boulevard becomes a pedestrian zone where locals and visitors come to see and be seen.
You’ll find art galleries, cafés, and the lovely Parque Santa Ana, surrounded by restaurants, coffee shops, and galleries. Just stroll around and enjoy getting lost in the area.

Recommended Museums in Mérida

Museo de la Ciudad de Mérida – The city’s historical museum
Museo Regional de Antropología, Palacio Cantón – The Regional Museum of Anthropology
Museo Casa Montejo – The Montejo House Museum

The Spanish Conquest of the Yucatán Peninsula

The conquest of the peninsula was a long, complex, and violent that took decades and many lives. At the time, the region was inhabited by dozens of Mayan kingdoms, which were not ruled by a single central government but were divided into independent political entities sometimes at war with one another.

The first Spanish attempt to conquer Yucatán took place in 1517 but ended in failure. In 1527, Francisco de Montejo led an another expedition, but then he encountered fierce resistance from the local population and was forced to retreat.

It wasn’t until the 1540s that the Spanish gradually succeeded in taking control of most of the peninsula, after repeated attempts. They exploited internal conflicts between the Mayan kingdoms and used overwhelming military force. Epidemics brought from Europe also claimed many lives among the native population.

Even after the main conquest, some areas remained under indigenous control until the 17th century and even later. The Spanish conquest brought with it a deep suppression of Mayan social, religious, and political life: their religion was banned, temples destroyed and replaced with churches, and their language and culture repressed.
Despite all this, the Maya managed to preserve part of their cultural identity and language to this day.

Recommended Day Trips from Mérida

Chichen Itza

Chichen Itza is without a doubt one of the must-see sites in Mexico. A Unesco heritage site, in 2007, it was declared one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

The name Chichén Itzá in the Mayan language means “At the edge of the well where the wise people of the water” referring to the city’s spiritual and cultural significance.
It’s an especially impressive and beautiful archaeological site, one of the most famous and visited in Mexico. Featuring dozens of remnants from the magnificent Mayan civilization.

The site is divided into two main areas: “Old Chichén,” which includes six primary structures, and the central part, known as “Chichén Itzá,” where about twenty additional monumental ruins can be explored. Altogether, visitors can see 26 archaeological structures, each revealing more about the fascinating history of the Maya.

The most iconic and imposing structure is the Kukulkan Pyramid (also known as El Castillo). Standing about 30 meters tall, it’s the tallest structure at the site and its most recognizable symbol.
Next to the pyramid are the Temple of the Warriors, the Great Ball Court, where sacred Mayan ballgames took place and the round observatory, El Caracol, a testament to the Maya’s advanced astronomical knowledge.

Chichén Itzá was an important religious center and pilgrimage site as early as the 5th century AC. Over its thousand year history, it was influenced by various cultures, especially the Maya and the Toltecs, and these influences are evident in the site’s unique architecture and art.

Beaches

Although Mérida is located about 45 km from the sea, some of the most beautiful beaches along the Gulf of Mexico are not far from the city.
The closest, most popular and therefore most crowded is the beach of Playa Puerto Progreso.
Further along the coast, you’ll find other beautiful and sunny beaches such as Playa Uaymitún, San Benito, Balneario Sac-ha, and Telchac Puerto.

Las Coloradas and Rio Lagartos

The Colorful Lakes and Río Lagartos Reserve

The colorful lakes of Las Coloradas are located within the Río Lagartos Nature Reserve (Parque Natural Reserva Ría Lagartos).
The area is famous for its intensive pink waters and its rich variety of wildlife and bird species.
Río Lagartos is a protected biosphere reserve and a key conservation area.
It’s highly recommended to combine your visit to the pink lakes with a boat tour through the reserve. The boat tour is a wonderful experience for nature and bird lovers.

Why are the waters in Las Coloradas so pink?

The pink color of the lakes is caused by tiny red algae and small planktonic shrimp that live in the lagoons.
The area has been used for salt production since the time of the Maya, and even today, the lakes undergo evaporation to extract salt.
This process increases the concentration of minerals and, naturally, the density of microorganisms which makes the color even more vivid and intensely pink.

Do pink flamingos live in pink waters?

The same microorganisms that give the lakes their stunning pink color are eaten by the flamingos, and that’s how their feathers get their distinctive rosy color.

However, the salt concentration in the pink lagoons becomes too high for them (in fact, the shrimp die off during the final stages of evaporation), so you won’t find flamingos in the most vividly pink pools.
Instead, flamingos live in areas where the salinity is lower, especially within the Río Lagartos Reserve.

What can we see on the boat tour?

The boat tours in Río Lagartos mostly start from the town of Río Lagartos, which serves as the gateway to the reserve.

During the boat tour in the Río Lagartos Reserve, you can encounter a variety of wildlife, including crocodiles, and observe dozens of bird species such as cormorants, pelicans, and flamingos.

The biosphere reserve is a natural area spanning 500 square kilometers and is home to the only flamingo colony in Central America.
The flamingo population, which numbered barely 5,000 individuals in the 1950s, has since grown to over 30,000.

Despite the large size of the reserve, much of it is no longer available to the flamingos and other birds.
Hotels and businesses have been built along the coast, and salt production facilities have altered the salinity of the water. As a result, only a few areas remain suitable for nesting for the flamingos and other birds.

Cenotes

Cenotes are natural freshwater sinkholes or pools formed by the collapse of limestone bedrock, revealing underground sweet water sources.
There are hundreds of cenotes throughout the Yucatán Peninsula. In the Mayan language, cenote means “water well” and these sites were considered sacred in ancient times.

The water in the cenotes is crystal clear and exceptionally pure, and many of them lead into underground cave systems. Some are small and enclosed, while others are large enough for swimming, snorkeling, or diving.

As in the rest of the Yucatán Peninsula, the Mérida area also has cenotes.
The ones closest to the city are part of the “Cenote Ring” (Anillo de Cenotes). However, the most beautiful and famous cenotes in Mexico are located near the town of Tulum.

כל הזכויות שמורות למחברים "יוצאים מהקופסא"

Birdwatching and Nature, Kalochori – Thessaloniki Travel

admin — Thu, 17 Jul 2025 07:04:01 +0000

Birdwatching and Nature - Gallicas River sanctuary and Kalochori Lagoon

Day trip from Thessaloniki Greece

A World-Class Nature Site in Northern Greece

Most visitors to Thessaloniki have no idea that one of Northern Greece’s most stunning natural paradises lies just half an hour’s drive from the city center. The area of Kalochori and the estuary of the Gallikos River is one of Thessaloniki’s best-kept secrets and a global hotspot for birdwatchers and nature lovers.

Here, among the salt lagoons and flooded plains, a world for birdwatching unfolds: flocks of flamingos feeding in the lagoon’s shallows, pelicans gliding across the water, cormorants, storks, herons, gulls, and many other species of both migratory and resident birds.

The river estuary, together with the nearby Kalochori Lagoon, is part of the Axios Delta National Park — one of the richest and most fascinating birdwatching areas in all of Greece.

How to Get to the Kalochori Nature Reserve?

The town of Kalochori is located just about 8 km from the city of Thessaloniki. Visitors can reach the natural area by a short drive or by bus from the city. Take bus line No. 40, which departs approximately every half hour from behind Thessaloniki’s central train station. The ride takes about 25 minutes.

But Kalochori is not just for birdwatchers. The quiet, the breeze, the scent of salty water, the encounters with local fishermen, and the open walking trails – all these create a feeling of floating outside of time.

Each season brings with it different views, sounds, and birds – making every visit a new experience.
For those looking to step out of the city, discover a less-known spot, and experience nature in all its glory – a visit to Kalochori is highly recommended.

Recommended Walking Trail in the Nature Reserve

Start your visit to Lake Kalochori with a marked walking trail about 1 km long, beginning at Karkiras Park, which connects the village of Kalochori to the sea. From there, continue along the coastline and return via a circular route of about 3.5 km.

From this point, you can continue exploring deeper into the nature reserve, depending on how much time you have.

At the end of the walk, treat yourself to a pastry and coffee on the main street of the charming town before heading back to the city.

Tip: Don’t forget to bring binoculars!

כל הזכויות שמורות למחברים "יוצאים מהקופסא"

Koalas and Me – Volunteering at a Koala Conservation Center

admin — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 16:42:12 +0000

Koalas and Me – My Volunteering in Australia

About My Experience at the Koala Conservation Hospital in Port Macquarie

The first time I heard about the Koala Hospital and rehabilitation center was during the devastating bushfires that swept through Australia in 2020. In February of that year, a fundraising event was held to support the koalas, and ever since, I occasionally received email updates about the hospital.

Last year, as I began planning my big trip to Australia, I knew I wanted to include something meaningful – something beyond the usual tourist attractions. I reached out to the hospital and was accepted for a work experience placement.

For me, working and helping Koalas at the rescue center was both the fulfillment of a dream and the closing of a personal circle. It was also where I met some of the koalas whose stories I had followed back during the tragic events of 2020.

The Koalas Are Unique and Fascinating Animals

Koalas may look calm and cuddly, but in reality, they’re not so easy to care for and can actually be quite “picky.”

Australia is home to over 800 species of eucalyptus trees (also known as gum trees), but koalas can digest the leaves of only about 50 – 60 of them.

In practice, however, each individual koala typically eats leaves from just 2 or 3 eucalyptus species. Only the ones it knows and is familiar with from its native area. This makes it challenging to relocate koalas, as their new habitat must contain exactly the types of trees they prefer.
Koalas will often starve rather than try leaves from unfamiliar trees, even if those leaves are nutritious and enjoyed by other koalas.

In addition to eucalyptus leaves, koalas occasionally chew on soil to supplement missing minerals. Due to the low nutritional value of eucalyptus leaves, they spend most of their time resting or sleeping. Sometimes up to 20 hours a day.

Except during extreme drought, koalas never drink water. At the hospital, each koala is given a bowl of soil and a bowl of water. If a koala approaches the water to drink, it’s usually a sign that its health needs to be checked.

Koalas are also highly territorial. You can’t keep more than one koala in the same enclosed space, or they’ll start to fight with one another.

The word “koala” in the Aboriginal language means “does not drink.”

Most of the time, koalas appear sleepy and rather indifferent. But when you see how excited they get in the morning when fresh eucalyptus branches arrive – and how attentively they observe everything happening around them you realize it’s just an illusion.

They are at their most alert and active in the early morning hours, eagerly waiting for their fresh leaves, which they begin munching on right away.

Koalas have five fingers on their hands, including two opposable thumbs. On their feet, they have only four functional toes. Two of which are fused. Interestingly, both male and female koalas have bifurcated reproductive organs. Still, almost always, only one cub is born at a time.

The Koala Hospital and Its Volunteers

The koalas are housed across three main areas: Intensive Care, Rehabilitation, and Display. In addition, the hospital includes a treatment and surgery room, a visitor center, a gift shop, staff facilities, and offices.

Every koala that arrives undergoes an initial examination and treatment before being placed in either intensive care or rehabilitation, depending on its condition.

The ultimate goal is to return recovered koalas to the wild. However, in some cases due to neurological issues, blindness, limb dysfunction, or other permanent injuries release is not possible.
These koalas remain in the Display area and, in their own quiet way, help support the center financially by being part of the visitor experience.

Many of the koalas in the Display section have been here since the devastating bushfires… and they continue to play a role in education and conservation.

How Many Koalas Are Left in Australia?

Since the arrival of European settlers, millions of koalas have been killed across Australia for their fur, leading to their classification as a vulnerable or endangered species in different regions either in 1999 or as late as 2022.

According to the Australian Koala Foundation (AKF), only 30,000 to 50,000 koalas remain in the wild. The Australian government, on the other hand, estimates the number at around 200,000. In 2010, the population was believed to be about 400,000 meaning that, in any case, the number of koalas has dropped dramatically in recent years.

What Are the Main Threats to Koalas in Australia?

In urban environments, koalas face serious risks from dog attacks and vehicle collisions. Much like wildlife in other parts of the world, they also suffer from habitat loss due to urban development and agriculture.

In the wild, koalas are vulnerable to infectious diseases, bushfires, and road accidents. Many of the koalas that arrive at the hospital are orphans or have been neglected.

From time to time, other types of wildlife are also brought in for treatment, rescued by concerned locals or volunteers.

The Daily Routine of Volunteers and Koalas

Almost everyone working at the hospital is a volunteer. In addition to the animal carers, there’s an on-call veterinarian, a shift supervisor, gift shop staff, visitor tour guides, and more.

Most local volunteers have been involved for years and come in for a regular morning or afternoon shift each week.
International volunteers can join for a period ranging from one week to several months, with preference given to those with a background or experience in animal care.

As someone who came for a relatively short time but took part in both the morning and afternoon shifts each day, I found it fascinating to observe how each shift manager carried out the same tasks slightly differently.

Each had their own specific methods and routines, which they followed strictly and sometimes they were even surprised to hear that things could be done in a adifferent way.
It felt a bit like stepping into parallel universes.

The volunteers’ daily routine includes cleaning the enclosures, carefully collecting and weighing the koalas’ droppings (small pellets that look like dried olives and smell pleasantly of eucalyptus), changing the water, soil, and eucalyptus branches, and providing a special nutritional formula to some of the koalas in rehabilitation.

Every day, each koala must be given a fresh bundle of eucalyptus branches, specifically the types it prefers. It’s truly heartwarming to see how happy they get, immediately starting to munch on the fresh leaves.

Some koalas enjoy human company and seek attention and play, while others need to be handled with care as they might bite.

The first koala I ever fed tried to steal my sunglasses…

In the afternoon, the branches are refreshed again, the enclosures are cleaned and tidied, everything is checked, and the koalas are wished goodnight… until the next morning.

Traveling in Australia? Come and Visit!

The coastal resort town of Port Macquarie is located on Australia’s east coast, in the state of New South Wales. It’s about a two-hour drive from Newcastle Airport or four hours from Sydney.

The Koala Rehabilitation Centre in Port Macquarie is one of the region’s top tourist attractions. Many visitors travel long distances to see it. Some even come to Port Macquarie specifically to visit the koalas.

Admission and Tours Are Free – But Every Donation Helps

Entry to the Koala Centre and the guided tours are free of charge, but donations are highly encouraged to help maintain and support the facility. During the tour, you can observe the koalas up close, take photos with them (though touching is not allowed), and learn the unique story behind each one.

The gift shop is another important source of funding—every purchase helps save a koala!

There’s also a sweet way to support the cause through virtual adoption: you’ll receive a newsletter and updates on your adopted koala’s condition.

The town and its surroundings also offer beautiful nature trails, including colonies of flying foxes (fruit bats) along the way.

Volunteers Save Koalas During Australia’s Devastating Bushfires

Kerry Freer, a volunteer at the Koala Hospital for six years, shared with me the challenging times they went through:

The summer of 2020 was extreme even before the fires began. High temperatures and drought created harsh conditions for all wildlife, and many koalas arrived at the hospital starving and dehydrated.

When the fires broke out, they spread rapidly, carried by strong winds. Some fires started underground and moved beneath the surface, making them impossible to control.

Because of the thick smoke, most of the town was shrouded in darkness. Even in the middle of the day, it was as dark as night. Only one street separated the raging fire from the hospital and the residents’ homes.

Volunteers who entered the fire zones to rescue koalas received training similar to that of firefighters, which allowed us to go deep into the burning areas to try to save as many animals as possible.

Alongside us were firefighters and a shooting squad who euthanized any animals that couldn’t be rescued or captured, to prevent them from suffering and dying in the fire.

Australia is accustomed to periodic local bushfires. After a fire, seeds and roots buried deep in the soil typically awaken, and new growth begins. But in this fire, nothing was left behind. Everything above and below ground was completely destroyed. Even cacti and seeds did not survive.

Only a few koalas managed to escape the flames. Most tried to climb to the treetops, and when the trees fell, they perished as well. Kangaroos, for example, couldn’t be saved because they wouldn’t allow themselves to be caught.

The hospital was completely full; we cleared every possible space and turned every corner into koala living areas. Due to their territorial nature, each koala needs its own enclosure, and it’s impossible to keep two koalas together. So we divided every available area and fenced off dozens of spots.

Out of all the koalas that arrived at the hospital, we managed to save about 50 percent and release them back into the wild. A few, however, suffered injuries that didn’t heal, and they remain at the hospital to this day.

Throughout that terrible time, we received immense support from the local community and residents of Port Macquarie, as well as donations from people around the world. People brought snacks, cakes, treats, donations, and medical supplies.

The scariest part for me was walking through the fire zone on burning ground, with trees burning and falling all around. It was a frightening and awful time. I hope never to experience anything like it again.

כל הזכויות שמורות למחברים "יוצאים מהקופסא"

The Pearl: Queen of Gemstones – What Makes It So Special?

admin — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 14:08:03 +0000

What Is a Pearl? Is It a Precious Gem, a Living Organism – or Both?

Everything You Wanted to know about Pearls and more: How Are Pearls made today? Types, Uses, History, and Legends...

The shores of the Persian Gulf have been known as one of the world’s main sources of pearls for thousands of years.

I was first introduced to the fascinating world of pearls during a tour of a pearl farm in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, in the United Arab Emirates. The journey continued in Dubai and other locations dedicated to this rare field that bridges the world of living nature with the world of gemstones.

The Al Suwaidi family from the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah has been engaged in pearl diving for many generations.
At the beginning of the century, their pearl farm underwent a transformation and opened its doors to tourists and visitors, offering a glimpse into the secrets of this traditional trade.
Suwaidi Pearls farm is essentially a large floating platform and boat dock, located north of Ras Al Khaimah city and accessible via a short boat ride.

Historical Background of the World of Pearls

The earliest known evidence of human fascination with pearls dates back around 8,000 years.
In ancient times, people didn’t understand how pearls were formed, and many myths arose to explain their mysterious origin. Some believed that moonlight striking an open oyster floating on the sea at night created a pearl, while others thought it was formed by a drop of rain falling into the shell.

Since antiquity, the majority of the world’s pearls, about 80% came from the Persian Gulf. From there, they were exported to India, the Far East, Sri Lanka, and later to Europe. For centuries, and even millennia, pearls were among the most precious resources in the world. The number of pearls in one’s crown or vault served as a symbol of wealth and status among royalty and nobility.

The fact that Dubai and Abu Dhabi served as key hubs in the pearl trade is what originally turned them into regional powers, long before the discovery and exploitation of oil fields in the 20th century.

Traditional Pearl Diving

Pearl harvesting was a demanding and dangerous craft carried out from special boats that sailed the sea. Each vessel hosted about 20 crew members, but only 2 to 3 of them were expert divers, skilled enough to plunge deep beneath the waves.

These boats would embark on their pearl diving season for roughly four months from May through August.

The rest of the crew played vital roles: the sailors navigating the waters, cooks preparing meals to keep the men fueled, and caretakers managing the delicate equipment.

Every diver was accompanied by a personal helper, whose critical job was to haul the diver safely back onto the boat after each challenging dive.

The traditional diving gear was simple yet essential: a heavy stone, a woven basket, a rope, and a nose clip made from tortoise shell. The diver would sink deep into the water using the weight of the stone, collecting as many oysters as possible in the basket.

When air ran low, he would signal his assistant to pull him rapidly back to the surface. Each dive lasted between 2 to 5 minutes, at depths of 30 to 50 meters.

Traditional Pearl Diving Risks

On average, only one high-quality pearl could be harvested from every 100 oysters gathered from the deep sea.

And that’s not even mentioning the pirates, who eagerly awaited the pearl boats returning after a whole season, laden with their precious catch …

The divers’ work was extremely dangerous and took a heavy toll on their health over time. For at least four months each year, divers would descend daily for 50 to 200 deep dives, gradually damaging their bodies. This condition, known as barotrauma, results from the physical harm caused by pressure differences inside body tissues.

In addition to the physical strain, the waters held other dangers: sharks, stinging coral, venomous fish — just a few of the many threats. A nose clip slipping at depth could prove fatal. Prolonged exposure to salty water also caused cumulative damage to their eyesight, sometimes leading to blindness.

How to Properly Care for Pearl Jewelry

Pearls are very delicate to the touch! Sweat, body lotion, any acidic liquid, and even perfume can cause irreversible damage to them.

To maintain the quality of your jewelry, after each use or contact, clean every pearl with clean water (without soap or any other substances) and gently wipe it with a soft cotton cloth.

The Beginning of the Cultured Pearl Era

Around 1940, the Japanese discovered methods to cultivate pearls artificially. At the same time, with the rise of sea pollution, habitat destruction, and over-harvesting of oysters, nearly all pearls available on the market today come from cultured pearl farming.

Suwaidi Pearls farm also transitioned to cultured pearl production in 2005.

So how is a pearl formed, and what is the difference between a natural pearl and a cultured (artificial) pearl?

Naturally, the oyster remains tightly closed almost all the time. A pearl is the oyster’s response to a foreign object that has entered its shell.

Naturally, the foreign object can be a parasite, physical injury, grains of sand, or crabs trying to open the oyster to feed. The oyster then begins to build protective layers around the irritant, and over several years, a pearl is formed. The layers coating the foreign body are made of the same material and color as the inner lining of the oyster (the mother-of-pearl).

In cultured pearl farms, a similar process is carried out, but it is intentional. When oysters reach a certain size, a small piece of mother-of-pearl is implanted inside them. The oyster recognizes this as a foreign object and starts coating it with layers of pearl. After about two to three years, a beautiful pearl is produced.

Unlike natural pearls, with cultured pearls you can predict in advance the type and color of the pearl that will form, and the pearls tend to be rounder and more uniform. Additionally, almost every implanted oyster will produce a pearl.

Better for the environment

An important factor is that cultured pearl farming has minimal impact on the marine environment, unlike natural pearl harvesting, which causes significant damage to marine habitats.

What Determines the Value (Price) of a Pearl?

Different types of oysters produce pearls in various colors. The value assessment is based on five parameters:

- Size or weight
- Color: Pearls come in five main shades: white, greenish, pink, cream, black, and bluish. White is the most common and sought-after, while bluish is the rarest. Of course, there are also intermediate hues of each type.
- Shape: A perfectly round pearl has high value, but interestingly, natural pearls with “imperfect” shapes are often valued even more.
- Luster or shine level
- Surface uniformity

The Significance of Pearls in Ancient Cultures

Throughout history, pearls have held deep symbolic and cultural significance across civilizations.

The ancient Egyptians buried (and embalmed) their dead with their most treasured possessions including pearls, believing these precious gems would accompany them into the afterlife.
In China, pearls adorned the crowns of emperors and the sacred statues of Buddha, symbolizing purity and spiritual power.
In ancient Greece, pearls were regarded as a symbol of love and marriage, cherished as tokens of devotion.
In ancient Israel, it was believed that pearls came from the Garden of Eden, placed there by God as divine ornaments.

At the Crossroads of Civilizations Museum in Dubai, an entire wing is dedicated to the rich pearl culture – a testament to their timeless allure and significance.

Facinating Facts About Pearls – Out of the Box

Pearls are the only gemstones created by living organisms.
Pearls are the only gemstones that grow over time.
The color of the oyster determines the color (type and value) of the pearl.
Pearls dissolve in acidic liquids such as vinegar, wine, and orange juice.
Natural pearls are often more valued precisely because of their imperfections and irregularities.
Growing a pearl to a commercial size takes between two to five years.

The Story of Cleopatra and the Pearl

Cleopatra, the legendary queen of ancient Egypt, was known not only for her beauty and political savvy but also for her flair for the dramatic. One of the most famous stories about her involves a bold wager with Marcus Antonius, one of Rome’s greatest military commanders. Cleopatra claimed she could host the most expensive meal in history! A challenge Antonius eagerly accepted.

To prove her point, Cleopatra presented a simple glass filled with vinegar at the banquet. As the guests watched in anticipation, she took the most valuable pearl she owned, a gem said to be unmatched in size and purity – and dropped it into the glass.
The pearl slowly dissolved in the acidic vinegar, and with a confident smile, Cleopatra drank the entire contents of the glass, turning what seemed to be a humble drink into a display of unimaginable wealth.

Stunned and defeated, Marcus Antonius conceded that she had indeed won the bet.

Their lives afterward were marked by passion and turmoil. Cleopatra and Antonius moved between Egypt and Rome, caught in the swirling tides of politics and war. Their story ended tragically in 30 BCE during the Roman civil war, when both took their own lives in Egypt, forever sealing their names in history as tragic lovers and powerful figures.

כל הזכויות שמורות למחברים "יוצאים מהקופסא"